Tumor Marker Tests

Depending on the patient’s clinical condition and physician’s request, the laboratory may provide testing for selected tumor markers, including:

Liver & Gastrointestinal Tumor Markers

• AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein)
• CEA
• CA 19-9

Ovarian & Gynecological Tumor Markers

• CA-125
• HE4, where available and clinically indicated

Prostate Tumor Marker

• PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)
• Free PSA

Testicular Tumor Markers

• AFP
• β-hCG

Other Selected Tumor Markers

• CA 72-4
• CA 19-9
• SCC
• Other specialized markers according to clinical indication and laboratory availability

What Are Tumor Markers Used For?

Tumor marker testing may assist physicians in:

• Supporting the evaluation of suspected malignancy
• Establishing a baseline before treatment
• Monitoring response to cancer treatment
• Monitoring disease progression
• Supporting follow-up after treatment
• Assessing possible recurrence in selected cases
• Providing additional information alongside other diagnostic investigations

Important: Tumor marker results should not be interpreted independently as a definitive diagnosis of cancer. Results should be evaluated together with the patient’s clinical history, physical examination, imaging, histopathology, and other relevant laboratory findings.

Sample Types

Most tumor marker tests are performed using:

• Blood / Serum samples

The required specimen and preparation may vary depending on the specific test.

Laboratory Equipment & Technology

Tumor marker testing is supported by modern laboratory systems, including:

Selected markers may include:

• Automated Immunoassay Analyzers
• Automated systems for hormone and tumor marker testing
• Calibrators and quality-control materials
• Laboratory information and reporting systems
• Supporting equipment for sample preparation and processing

The exact analyzer and testing method may vary according to the specific tumor marker.

Testing & Quality Control

All tumor marker investigations are performed using standardized laboratory procedures with appropriate calibration and internal quality-control processes to support accurate and reliable results.

Reporting

Test results are reviewed and reported according to the laboratory’s established procedures. Where appropriate, reference ranges and relevant test information are included in the laboratory report to assist physicians in clinical interpretation.

Diagnostic Approach

Clinical Assessment → Physician Request → Sample Collection → Laboratory Testing → Quality Control → Result Verification → Laboratory Report → Clinical Interpretation